Jones, McDuffie & Stratton - Impetus Behind Wedgwood College Plates and Dinnerware

The following article was written by our friends Professor Keith McLeod and Jim Boyle whom we have known for many years through the Wedgwood International Seminar. We do not have the illustrations to the article, so some minor changes have been made to the text, but it is virtually the original article written by our good friends. Hopefully this information will explain more of the history of not only the Wedgwood college and university plates, but the Wedgwood Old Blue Historical plate scenes and other JMS Americana which we have in stock. Our personal Wedgwood collection contains many of these 9 1/4 inch plates, and some of the larger ones, all reminiscent of family history, fun vacations or interesting connections to our lives. Words within brackets [ ] are comments by me and were not in the original article.


Wedgwood and the Boston Connection
By Keith A. McLeod and James R. Boyle

This Boston company was founded in 1810 by Otis Norcross on Fish Street on the waterfront. In 1827 Otis' son, also named Otis, took over the business: the company, still operating under the Norcross name was run by him until he retired from the business to become Mayor of Boston in 1866. In 1853 Jerome Jones began to work for Norcross, Louis McDuffee, who was born in Quebec, joined in 1863 and Soloman Stratton, a Bostonian, joined and replaced Norcross in 1866. The firm became 'Jones, McDuffee and Stratton' in 1871 and was known by that name until it ceased to exist after it celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1960. The first item made by Wedgwood exclusively for Jones, McDuffee and Stratton was a calendar tile in 1881. It was the beginning of a long and prolific association. Wedgwood went on to produce hundreds, if not thousands of designs and pieces for the Boston company. They specialized in producing historical American china - scenes, events, personalities, buildings, monuments, educational institutions, civic and national landmarks, and ships for which they are well known. The company is also well known to collectors for the 'calendar tiles', which were made annually from 1881 to 1929 [as advertising give-aways for JMS].

The Boston Company did a thriving business with Wedgwood, not only producing Americana but importing a great deal of Wedgwood and products from other factories, which produced pottery, porcelain, and bone china as well as glass. They were the largest wholesaler and retailer of china and glassware in the United States by 1910. The firm, by 1975, had changed its status, and role in American business. Jones, McDuffee and Stratton had become a subsidiary of Food Service Equipment & Design Corporation, of Boston. The firm has changed from its commemorative role; no more historical plates were produced after the 1950s. In its heyday the company was known by its logo "sole importers" which was included on the backstamp. As near as we can estimate the 'system' went like this: an American business would express the wish to have a particular item or commemorative piece, Jones, McDuffee and Stratton, who employed artists would produce the artwork for the plate, for example, then send the order to Wedgwood, who would manufacture the ware, place Jones, McDuffee and Stratton's mark on the product and ship it to Boston to their warehouse on Farnsworth Street, which was connected to the Cunard White Star harbour facilities and to a rail spur. From the warehouse the china was sent across the United States and to Canada.

Pictorial souvenirs had been made by many potteries in England since the latter part of the 18th century. In fact, many companies had preceded Wedgwood in producing commemorative ware, including that for the American market. It seems to have fallen to Jones, McDuffee and Stratton to involve Wedgwood in this thriving business, which began with the advertising calendar tiles (1881) and grew tremendously with the rising national consciousness of "America" and of the American, in the latter part of the 19th century. The Wedgwood historical plates began in 1899. It was an era of high nationalism and fervent patriotism. It was also a period of increased wealth in middle America. It almost seems like Wedgwood did not respond to the fad until an importing company decided to take the initiative. However, one could argue that an American firm was much better placed to respond to the American market. It would appear obvious that Jones, McDuffee and Stratton took the risk, and the role of promoter. They were in a position to know the American market. One is left with a couple of historical questions. First, to what extent did Jones, McDuffee and Stratton lay the ground for the establishment of the Wedgwood office in the U.S. in 1906? And, secondly, did the establishment of a Wedgwood office to wholesale in the U.S. diminish or lead to the demise of the importing company in Boston? A Canadian equivalent to Jones, McDuffee and Stratton did not emerge until the 1920s. Linton and Sinclair of Saint John, New Brunswick tried to promote the importation of Canadian commemoratives, including orders from Wedgwood such as the Evangeline plates as well as famous Canadian scenic views such as 'The Reversing Falls' in Saint John and 'The Bore' on the Petitcodiac River. Linton and Sinclair did not survive the 1930s.

The first group of 'Wedgwood Old Blue Historical Plates' was 35 views that could be bought singly or in sets at their Boston premises through the mail, or from local retailers who stocked the items. For a customer to buy the plates, the price was standard in any shop, 50 cents, at the insistence of the wholesaler. By 1904 the plates had sold so well that the retail price was reduced by Jones, McDuffee and Stratton to a standard 35 cents. The company had also increased the number of views available from 35 to 68. [Today, there are over 1200 known scenes which were produced on either these smaller plates or full sized dinner plates by Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, featuring people, places and events from the arrival of the Mayflower in Plymouth Harbor to the beautiful Spanish Missions of California. lvc] The competition by retailers to order plates was enhanced by the fact that stores could get their name placed on the backstamp at the factory along with the Wedgwood logo and that of Jones, McDuffee and Stratton. Hence a plate might have two or three 'credits' on the back. There was, of course, usually scene or local identification or the person's name on the reverse. These plates are usually considered to be a series as they are all in blue and white and have the same border. The popularity of the plates was not only related to feelings of local or national pride but to practicality of decoration. The 'plate rail,' a decorative feature of the last few decades of the 19th century, provided the housewife with a device for the conspicuous consumption of plates. There the household could feature their tastes, feelings, penchants, backgrounds, or status. They could reach up and use the plates then restore them to their decorative function.

As the sales of the historical series diminished, Jones, McDuffee and Stratton moved into the 'College' market. [Sorry Keith, the college plates began pretty early, while the historic plates were still being made and widely distributed.] The leading school was Harvard University with 48* views in four series. They were for sale individually or in sets. Many universities and colleges commissioned items or even series. The runs were often small but in some cases there were repeat editions. Although other companies still produced college ware, Jones, McDuffee and Stratton ceased producing these items in the [mid 1950s when the company was bought out and later left this business altogether. lvc] The collaboration between Wedgwood and Jones, McDuffee and Stratton lasted some 75 years; sales were good and the result is that we have many different views of the historical past and-commemoration of schooling and college life. The Boston company became the celebrated agents of American life, education and history.

[*The Harvard series was first, there are 6 series, plus the early 9 1/4" diameter Harvard scene in the Old Blue Historical Plate series. Harvard’s Wedgwood consists of that plate plus the following:

Blue on cream, 12 campus scenes on dinner plates with floral border produced beginning in the 1920s, frequently called the 1927 set.

Red/rose on cream, one early set just like the original blue, plus a set produced in 1932, 12 different scenes in red only in 8.75" salad/dessert/luncheon plates. The red & blue sets also contain demitasse cups/saucers, coffee cups/saucers, & a punch bowl.

There is another set of plates with 8 drawings (campus scenes/buildings) by Samuel Chamberlain which appear in sepia on a cream and white bordered set of bone china plates. This bone china set was not made in large quantities and is difficult to find today. These plates were given to special donors, alumni, etc. The latter two sets have no ancillary pieces, plates only.

In 1955 a set of cream color with rose transfer plates was made specifically for The Harvard Business School, the set consisting of 8 different campus views. In more recent times a set of red plates has been reproduced by Wedgwood for sale at the Harvard Coop. These are reproductions of the earlier scenes, not newly designed transfers.

The transfer print process is no longer used by Wedgwood, their copper plates having all been destroyed, so newer college and university plates will never have the quality of the earlier production.]
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